Resumen
Antecedentes: Los grupos Balint son cruciales en Medicina Psicosomática, enfocándose en relaciones sanitarias y proporcionando formación psicoterapéutica. Objetivo: Explorar las percepciones de profesionales sanitarios sobre grupos Balint en el Curso Básico de Medicina Psicosomática de Santiago de Cuba, identificando beneficios percibidos y necesidades formativas. Métodos: Encuesta transversal a 34 profesionales sanitarios que completaron formación Balint (2018-2020), categorizados por especialidad (Medicina Natural/Tradicional, Psiquiatría, Otros). El cuestionario Rückmeldung Balintgruppe traducido al español evaluó efectos del aprendizaje, dinámica grupal y aplicabilidad práctica usando diez ítems Likert y una pregunta abierta. Resultados: Los participantes proporcionaron evaluaciones positivas (1-2 en escala de 6 puntos, 1=mejor). Atmósfera grupal, competencia del liderazgo e interés de continuación recibieron calificaciones más altas. La prueba Kruskal-Wallis mostró diferencias significativas en impacto laboral percibido entre grupos (p = .046), aunque comparaciones post-hoc no mostraron diferencias por pares. Liderazgo competente correlacionó con satisfacción (r = -.400, p = .019). Análisis cualitativo reveló necesidades de recursos adicionales (44%) y formación (38%). Conclusiones: Los grupos Balint demostraron alta aceptabilidad entre profesionales sanitarios cubanos. Los hallazgos sugieren que son herramientas prometedoras para el desarrollo profesional en el contexto sanitario cubano, requiriendo recursos culturalmente adaptados y supervisión continua para su implementación.
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