Resumen
Antecedentes: El diagnóstico psicológico se ha basado tradicionalmente en modelos nosológicos arraigados en paradigmas médicos, enfocados en la clasificación de síntomas. Sin embargo, este enfoque ha sido ampliamente criticado por su reduccionismo, su limitada utilidad clínica y sus inquietudes éticas. Objetivo: Explorar la formulación de casos desde una perspectiva constructivista como alternativa al diagnóstico tradicional, resaltando sus aportes clínicos, metodológicos y relacionales. Método: Se presenta una revisión teórica y metodológica del diagnóstico constructivista, ilustrada con ejemplos clínicos y el uso de Mapas Cognitivos Difusos (MCD) para representar significados personales. Resultados: La formulación de casos posibilita la co-construcción de hipótesis compartidas sobre el sufrimiento psicológico, integrando la historia personal, los dilemas, las auto-posiciones y los objetivos terapéuticos. Los MCD ofrecen una herramienta visual y flexible que ayuda a capturar la complejidad sistémica del cambio clínico. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico constructivista, entendido como un acto relacional y narrativo, respalda una comprensión más ética, personalizada y matizada del malestar psicológico, en consonancia con las tendencias actuales de la psicoterapia integrativa y centrada en la persona.
Citas
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