Resumen
Antecedentes: Los cambios relacionados con la edad en los síntomas del autismo durante la infancia son de particular interés en la investigación, ya que permiten elegir los mejores métodos de intervención. Método: Se evaluó el modelo de 7 factores de los síntomas del autismo en niños de 3 a 6 años para identificar los cambios relacionados con la edad en los síntomas autistas. Se confirmó la estructura general del modelo y su equivalencia de medición para niños de 3-4 y 5-6 años. Sin embargo, con la edad, hay cambios en las correlaciones entre los factores. Los factores se calcularon como los valores de las 7 nuevas escalas según las proporciones de respuestas afirmativas a los síntomas incluidos en cada factor. Resultados: Al comparar la gravedad de los síntomas en las 7 escalas entre los niños más pequeños y los mayores, se reveló la siguiente dinámica: con la edad, hay una mejora en la comprensión del habla y una disminución en los síntomas de aislamiento. Como resultado de la creación de un modelo de medición para niños de 5 a 6 años, se encontraron tres grupos de síntomas correlacionados: 1) F1 relacionado con el habla, 2) F2 procesos sensoriales e hiperactividad, 3) F3 interacción social. En niños de 3 a 4 años, estos grupos de síntomas no están relacionados, y la hiperactividad fue un síntoma aislado. En niños de 5 a 6 años, la hiperactividad está notablemente asociada con la desintegración sensorial. Es destacable la fuerte conexión entre F2 y F3. Conclusiones: Probablemente, la desintegración sensorial y la hiperactividad determinan la calidad de la interacción social en los niños de 5 a 6 años, siendo los principales síntomas autistas a esta edad.
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