Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la situación actual de la alienación parental, sus características y efectos en los niños/as y adolescentes que experimentan estas circunstancias. Se utilizó la metodología PRISMA-P, con el objetivo de determinar los estudios que se consideraron. Se contemplaron 95 estudios provenientes de revistas indexadas en Wos y Scopus, de los cuales 20 fueron considerados para la revisión, de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión preestablecidos. Se identificó un amplio y diverso campo conceptual en el cual se circunscribe la alienación parental, siendo predominantes tanto definiciones desde modelos explicativos unifactoriales, como multifactoriales. Se concluye que la alienación parental es un fenómeno de amplio interés científico que define una dinámica familiar de alta hostilidad entre progenitores posterior a la separación o al divorcio, que implica el establecimiento de coaliciones familiares que tienen como resultado el rechazo injustificado al contacto de un niño o niña con respecto a su progenitor o progenitora. Así también se destaca que estas dinámicas relacionales traen efectos negativos en la salud mental de niños, niñas y adolescentes, lo que deja en evidencia la necesidad de profundizar y enfatizar la importancia de la investigación en el área.
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