Abstract
The objective of this comparative descriptive study was to determine whether there were differences in the expression of psychological suffering in a sample of 269 people between the ages of 18 and 58, distributed in 4 groups according to sex and whether or not to report symptoms of depression. Interview Perception of time was used, the Depression Questionnaire Men, the Zung Depression Scale and the Scale of Mental Health, symptom questionnaire or Self Reporting Questionare (SQR). Data were processed through an analysis of mean difference between the four groups ANOVA with post hoc Tukey analysis. The results showed that women reported more symptoms of depression than men, but men reported significantly more pain than women, regardless of reported symptoms of depression. The findings are discussed.
References
Acuña, I., Arias, A., Fuentes, L., Londoño, C., & Salas, I. (2014). ¿Cómo viven los hombres la tristeza y la depresión? (Trabajo de grado para optar al tÃtulo de especialista), Universidad Católica de Colombia, Bogotá.
Ãlvarez Vargas, N., & Londoño Pérez, C. (2011). Se deprimen los hombres? diferente a las mujeres?. Cuestionario de depresión para hombres. Editorial Académica Española.
Andreassen, S., Enmarker, I., Bitnes, G., & Hellzén, O. (2013). Meanings of being old, living on one’s own and suffering from incurable cancer in rural Norway. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 17(6), 781-787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2013.03.009
Asociación Americana de PsiquiatrÃa (2013). GuÃa de consulta de los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-5TM. Arlington: Asociación Americana de PsiquiatrÃa. https://tinyurl.com/qw2clhg
Barlow, D.H., Allen, L.B., & Choate, M.L. (2004). Toward a unified treatment for emotional disorders. Behavior Therapy, 35(2), 205-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80036-4
Bayés, R. (2009). Sobre la felicidad y el sufrimiento. Quaderns de Psicologia 11(1-2), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.508
Beck, A., Rush, A., Shaw, B., & Emery, G. (1983). Terapia cognitiva de la depresión. Bilbao: DDB.
Campo, R., Diaz, L., Rueda, G., & Barros, J. (2005). Validación de la escala de Zung para la depresión en universitarias de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Revista Colombiana de PsiquiatrÃa, 34 (1) 53-62. https://tinyurl.com/yb7d7jdq
Canham, S. (2009). The interaction of masculinity and control and its impact on the experience of suffering for an older man. Journal of Aging Studies, 23(2), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2008.12.003
Cassell, E. (1982). The nature of suffering and the goals of medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 306(11), 639-645. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198203183061104
Chapman, C. & Gravin, J. (1993). Suffering and its relationship to pain. Journal Palliative Care, 9(2), 513. https://doi.org/ 10.1056/NEJM198203183061104
Chapman, C. & Gravin, J. (1999). Suffering: The contributions of persistent pain. The Lancet, 353(9171), 2233–2237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01308-2
Cleary, A. (2012). Suicidal action, emotional expression, and the performance of masculinities. Social Science & Medicine, 74(4), 498-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.002
Danielsson, U. & Johansson, E. (2005). Beyond weeping and crying: a gender analysis of expression of depression. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 23(3), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/02813430510031315
Franchi, S. (2001). La Depresión en el Hombre. Interdisciplinaria, 18(2), 135-154. https://tinyurl.com/y8zbxor8
Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses (2003). Boletines EstadÃsticos Mensuales. https://tinyurl.com/y8uexd9m
Jairo, J., Vélez, M., & Krikorian, A. (2008). Aspectos Neurobiológicos, psicológicos y sociales del sufrimiento. Revista de PsicooncologÃa, 5(2-3), 245-255. https://tinyurl.com/ybbqf9yn
Krikorian, A. & Limonero, J.T. (2012). An integrated view of suffering in palliative care, Journal of Palliative Care, 28(1), 41-9. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/082585971202800107
Martell, C., Dimidjian, S., & Dunn, R. (2013) Activación Conductual para La Depresión, Papeles del Psicólogo, 35(3), 227-228. https://tinyurl.com/y9x43rd8
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, Colciencias (2015). Encuesta nacional de salud mental. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, datos, procesos y tecnologÃa SAS. https://tinyurl.com/yawo57nr
Montoya, R., GarcÃa, M., Campos, C., Schmidt, J., Gomez, A., Marti, C., & Cruz, F. (2012). Psychological responses of terminally ill patients who are experiencing suffering: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.08.016
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2012). Nota descriptiva: La depresión. 369. https://tinyurl.com/y96n2exa
Paz, A., Moneada, R., Sosa, C., Romero, G., Muncia, H., & Reyes, A. (1999). Prevalencia de trastornos mentales en la comunidad de Villa Nueva, región metropolitana. Revista Médica post Unah, 4(1), 74-85. https://tinyurl.com/ya3l36to
Romero, R., VucÃnovichb, N., & Poves, S. (2010). Protocolo de intervención integral para hombres con trastornos depresivos graves y crónicos en una unidad de salud mental comunitaria. Revista Asociación Española de NeuropsiquiatrÃa, 30(106), 249-261. https://tinyurl.com/y6vavj6p
Sacco, W. & Beck, A. (1995). Cognitive theory and therapy. En E. E. Beckham & W. R. Leber, eds., Handbook depression (pp. 329-351). Nueva York: Guilford.
Winkler, D., Pirek, E., & Kasper, S. (2005). Gender-specific symptoms of depression and anger attacks. The Journal of Men's Health & Gender, 3(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmhg.2005.05.004
