Resumen
Durante décadas, se ha sugerido que las personas con trastornos de personalidad del clúster B experimentan dificultades en la cognición social. Sin embargo, los hallazgos empíricos relacionados con esta idea han sido mixtos e inconsistentes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue sistematizar los hallazgos existentes sobre la relación entre la empatía, la atribución de estados mentales y los trastornos de personalidad del clúster B en adultos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA y utilizando las bases de datos Scopus y PubMed. Se seleccionaron 22 estudios. Los resultados revelan que para el trastorno límite de la personalidad existen resultados contradictorios respecto a su asociación con la empatía y la atribución de estados mentales. El trastorno narcisista de la personalidad se asoció con alteraciones en ambos procesos socio-cognitivos. El trastorno antisocial de la personalidad se relacionó con dificultades en el reconocimiento emocional, aunque su relación con la empatía y la atribución de estados mentales no está clara. El trastorno histriónico de la personalidad presentó dificultades en el reconocimiento emocional y en la Teoría de la Mente. Futuras investigaciones deberían esclarecer estas diferencias y comprender mejor los procesos socio-cognitivos en individuos con trastornos de la personalidad.
Citas
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