Resumen
Antecedentes: La detección de la depresión perinatal (DP) es desafiante debido a la superposición de síntomas con el embarazo y el posparto. El PHQ-9 es una herramienta de diagnóstico utilizada, y comprender su estructura factorial es crucial. Objetivo: Evaluar la estructura factorial de tres factores del PHQ-9 y su estabilidad longitudinal durante la etapa perinatal. Método: El estudio involucró a 205 mujeres de un hospital español, recolectando datos durante el tercer trimestre, el posparto inmediato y seis semanas después del parto. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos, incluyendo el análisis factorial confirmatorio, para evaluar la estabilidad de la estructura factorial y la fiabilidad del PHQ-9. Resultados: El modelo de tres factores del PHQ-9, que comprende síntomas cognitivo-afectivos, somáticos y relacionados con el embarazo, se mantuvo estable durante el embarazo y el posparto, excepto en el período inmediato posparto. Los análisis respaldaron la validez del PHQ-9 durante la etapa perinatal. Conclusiones: Comprender los factores que contribuyen a los síntomas depresivos durante el período perinatal es crucial. Aunque el modelo de tres factores es robusto, se recomienda precaución en el período inmediato posparto debido a la superposición de síntomas. El PHQ-9 es una herramienta confiable para evaluar e intervenir en los síntomas depresivos durante la etapa perinatal.
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